Ingcaciso
I-Greenhouse, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-greenhouse.Indawo enokudlulisa ukukhanya, igcine ubushushu (okanye ubushushu), kwaye isetyenziswe ukulima izityalo.Ngamaxesha onyaka angafanelekanga ukukhula kwezityalo, inokubonelela ngexesha lokukhula kwe-greenhouse kunye nokwandisa isivuno.Ubukhulu becala isetyenziselwa ukulinywa kwezityalo okanye ukulinywa kwezithole zemifuno ethanda ubushushu, iintyatyambo, amahlathi, njalo njalo ngamaxesha obushushu obuphantsi.I-greenhouse inokuqonda ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo okungaqondakaliyo, ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo indawo yokuhlala, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezityalo zemali.Idatha eqokelelwe yikhompyuter inokuboniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibalwe.Inokulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yokutyala yale mihla.
Uhlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-greenhouses, ezinokuthi zohlulwe kwiindidi ezine ezilandelayo ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zophahla lwe-truss, izinto zokukhanyisa, iimilo kunye neemeko zokufudumeza.
1. Iplasitiki greenhouse
I-plastic-scale enkulu ye-multi-span greenhouse luhlobo lwe-greenhouse evele kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kwaye iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-greenhouse yeglasi, ineenzuzo zobunzima bokukhanya, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingaphantsi kwesakhelo, isantya esincinci se-shading yamacandelo esakhiwo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubomi benkonzo ende, njl.
Inokufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo leendlu zokugcina izityalo zeglasi, kwaye ukwamkelwa ngabasebenzisi bezindlu zokugcina izityalo zeplastiki kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwiglasi yegreenhouses ehlabathini, kwaye iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili yophuhliso lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo zanamhlanje.
2. Greenhouse yeglasi
I-greenhouse yeglasi yindlu eluhlaza eneglasi njengento yokugubungela ecacileyo.Xa uyila isiseko, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, kufuneka kwakhona ube nokuzinza okwaneleyo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokuhlaliswa kokungalingani.Isiseko esidityaniswe nenkxaso phakathi kweekholomu kufuneka kwakhona sibe nokuhanjiswa kwamandla okwaneleyo okuthe tye kunye nokuzinza kwendawo.Emazantsi greenhouse kufuneka ibekwe ngaphantsi komhlaba umaleko engumkhenkce, kwaye ukufudumeza greenhouse ingaqwalasela impembelelo zokufudumeza kubunzulu umkhenkce isiseko ngokwemozulu kunye neemeko zomhlaba.Yiba nesiseko esizimeleyo.Ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo idla ngokusetyenziswa.Strip isiseko.Isakhiwo sobume (izitena, ilitye) siqhele ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kuqhutyelwa kwi-site masonry.Intsimbi yekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo idla ngokusekwa phezu kwesiseko sokufakela iindawo ezidibeneyo kunye nokwandisa amandla esiseko.I-Greenhouse, iprojekthi ye-greenhouse, umenzi we-skeleton we-greenhouse.
Isithathu, i-solar greenhouse
Ithambeka elingaphambili ligutyungelwe ngokugqunywa kwe-thermal ebusuku, kwaye impuma, intshona, namacala angasentla ziindawo zokuhlala zeplastiki ezinethambeka elinye elineendonga ezivalekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo zokugcina izityalo zelanga.Iprototype yayo yi-single-slope glass greenhouse.Isixhobo sokugquma esicacileyo sethambeka elingaphambili lithatyathelwa indawo yifilimu yeplastiki endaweni yeglasi, ethe yavela yaba yindlu yokutshisa yelanga yakuqala.I-solar greenhouse ibonakaliswe ngokugcinwa kakuhle kobushushu, utyalo-mali oluphantsi, kunye nokonga amandla, nto leyo ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezingaphuhliswanga kangako ngokwezoqoqosho.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-radiation yelanga ngumthombo wamandla obalulekileyo wokugcina ubushushu be-solar greenhouse okanye ukugcina umlinganiselo wobushushu;kwelinye icala, imitha yelanga ngumthombo wokukhanya wephotosynthesis yezityalo.Ukugcinwa kobushushu be-greenhouse yelanga yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: isakhiwo sokugcinwa kobushushu kunye ne-quilt yokugcinwa kobushushu.Izinto zokugquma i-thermal kwithambeka elingaphambili kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ukuze zibekwe lula emva kokuphuma kwelanga kwaye zibekwe ekutshoneni kwelanga.Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha zokugquma uphahla lwangaphambili lujolise ikakhulu kwiimfuno zokusebenza ngokulula koomatshini, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubunzima obulula, ukuchasana nokuguga, ukungangeni kwamanzi kunye nezinye izikhombisi.
Ezine, greenhouse yeplastiki
I-plastichouse greenhouse inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla elanga, inesiphumo esithile sokugcina ubushushu, kwaye ilawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwishedi ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile ngokuqengqa ifilimu.
Izindlu zePlastiki kwiindawo ezisemantla: ikakhulu zidlala indima yokufudumala ukulima ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekupheleni.Inokuba yi-30-50 iintsuku ngaphambili entwasahlobo kunye neentsuku ezingama-20-25 kamva ekwindla.Akuvumelekanga ukulinywa ngexesha lobusika.Kwingingqi esemazantsi: Ukongeza ekugcinweni kobushushu kwemifuno kunye neentyantyambo ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kunye nokulinywa kwe-overwintering (imifuno yamagqabi), inokuthi ithathelwe indawo yi-sunshade, engasetyenziselwa umthunzi kunye nokupholisa, imvula, umoya, kunye uthintelo lwesichotho ehlotyeni nasekwindla.Iimpawu zePlastiki ye-greenhouse: kulula ukwakha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, utyalo-mali oluncinci, yindawo elula yokukhusela intsimi yokulima.Ngophuhliso loshishino lweplastiki, yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamazwe ehlabathini lonke.
Isixhobo esingundoqo
Isixhobo sokukhulisa i-greenhouse yangaphakathi, kubandakanywa umkhombe wokutyala, inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi, inkqubo yokulawula ubushushu, inkqubo yokukhanyisa encedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ukufuma;umkhombe wokutyala ubekwe phantsi kwefestile okanye wenze isikrini sokutyala izityalo;inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ngokuzenzekelayo ibonelela ngamanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nesixa esifanelekileyo;Inkqubo yokulawula ubushushu ibandakanya i-fan exhaust, i-fan eshushu, inzwa yeqondo lokushisa kunye nebhokisi yokulawula inkqubo yokushisa rhoqo ukulungelelanisa ubushushu ngexesha;Inkqubo yokukhanyisa encedisayo ibandakanya ukukhanya kwesityalo kunye nesibonisi, esifakwe kufutshane nesitya sokutyala, sibonelela ngokukhanya xa kungekho semini, ukuze izityalo ziqhubele phambili kwi-Photosynthesis, kunye nokukhanya kokukhanya kubonisa umhlaba omhle;inkqubo yokulawula ukufuma isebenzisana ne-exhaust fan ukulungisa ukufuma kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu bangaphakathi.
Ukusebenza
Iindawo zokugcina izityalo ikakhulu zibandakanya imisebenzi emithathu emikhulu: ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, ukugcinwa kobushushu, kunye nokuqina.
Ukusetyenziswa kweGreenhouse
Itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yezinto (Eyandisiweyo)
Ngapha koko, itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yeZinto kukudityaniswa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlanganisiweyo kweetekhnoloji zokujonga ezahlukeneyo, itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi yanamhlanje, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye netekhnoloji ezenzekelayo.Kwimekobume ye-greenhouse, i-greenhouse eyodwa inokusebenzisa i-Intanethi ye-Tekhnoloji ye-Intanethi ukuba ibe yindawo yokulawula umlinganiselo wenethiwekhi yenzwa engenazintambo, usebenzisa i-sensor nodes ezahlukeneyo kunye neenodi ezine-activators ezilula, ezifana nabalandeli, ii-motor low-voltage motors, iivalve kunye nezinye eziphantsi. -Ukwenziwa kwangoku Umbutho wenza inethiwekhi engenazingcingo ukulinganisa ukufuma kwe-substrate, ukubunjwa, ixabiso le-pH, ubushushu, ukufuma komoya, uxinzelelo lomoya, ukukhanya kokukhanya, i-carbon dioxide concentration, njl. ukulawula imisebenzi yokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa, ukuze kufunyanwe iimeko zokukhula kwezityalo.
Kwiipaki zezolimo ezinezindlu zokugcina izityalo, i-Intanethi yeZinto inokuphinda ibone ulwazi oluzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo.Ngokuxhotyiswa nge-wireless sensor node, i-wireless sensor node nganye inokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.Ngokufumana idatha ethunyelwe yi-wireless sensor convergence node, ukugcina, ukubonisa kunye nolawulo lwedatha, ukufumana, ukulawula, ukuhlalutya kunye nokuqhutyelwa kolwazi lwazo zonke iindawo zokuvavanya isiseko zinokufezekiswa, kwaye zinokuboniswa kubasebenzisi kwi-greenhouse nganye. ngendlela yeegrafu ezicacileyo kunye neegophe.Kwangaxeshanye, ulwazi olwahlukeneyo lwesandi kunye nokukhanya kwe-alam kunye nolwazi lwe-alam yeSMS lunikezelwa ngokweemfuno zezityalo zokutyala, ukuze kuqatshelwe ulawulo olubanzi kunye nothungelwano olukude lwe-greenhouse.
Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yeZinto ingasetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo emveliso yegreenhouse.Kwinqanaba xa i-greenhouse ilungele ukufakwa kwimveliso, ngokucwangcisa izinzwa ezahlukahlukeneyo kwi-greenhouse, ulwazi lwangaphakathi lokusingqongileyo lwe-greenhouse lunokuhlalutywa ngexesha langempela, ukwenzela ukuba ukhethe kakuhle iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zokutyala;kwinqanaba lokuvelisa, iingcali zingasebenzisa i-Intanethi ye-teknoloji yeZinto ukuqokelela ubushushu kwi-greenhouse Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi ezifana, ukufuma, njl., ukufezekisa ulawulo oluhle.Ngokomzekelo, ixesha lokuvula kunye nokuvala umnatha we-shading unokulawulwa inzwa ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufana nobushushu kunye nokukhanya kwi-greenhouse, kunye nexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo yokufudumala inokulungelelaniswa ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluqokelelweyo lweqondo lokushisa, njl.;Emva kokuba imveliso ivuniwe, ulwazi oluqokelelwe yi-Intanethi yeZinto lunokusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ukusebenza kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo zezityalo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye zibuyisele kumjikelo olandelayo wemveliso, ukuze kuphunyezwe ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokufumana. iimveliso ezingcono.
Umgaqo wokusebenza
I-greenhouse isebenzisa izinto zokugubungela ezicacileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulawula indalo ukwenza i-microclimate yendawo, kwaye iseke izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ezilungele ukukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo.Indima ye-greenhouse kukudala iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifanelekileyo ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye nophuhliso ukuphumeza imveliso esebenzayo.Imitha yelanga elawulwa yimitha ye-shortwave ingena kwi-greenhouse ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ze-greenhouse.I-greenhouse iya kwandisa ubushushu bomhlaba wangaphakathi kunye nobushushu kwaye iguqule ibe yimitha yelanga elide.
Imitha ye-long-wave ivalwe yi-greenhouse covering material kwi-greenhouse, ngaloo ndlela yenza ukuqokelelwa kobushushu ngaphakathi.Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwegumbi kubizwa ngokuba yi "greenhouse effect".I-greenhouse isebenzisa "i-greenhouse effect" ukufezekisa injongo yemveliso yezityalo, kwaye idala indawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kwezityalo ngexesha lonyaka xa izityalo zingakufanelanga ukutyalwa kwendawo evulekile ngokulungelelanisa ubushushu bangaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa isivuno sezityalo.
Imiba yokuqhelaniswa nendawo
Kungcono ukuya ngaphaya komgangatho onomkhenkce.Uyilo olusisiseko lwe-greenhouse lusekelwe kwisakhiwo sejoloji kunye neemeko zemozulu zendawo.Isiseko sinzulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo kunye neendawo zomhlaba ezikhululekile.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo kufuneka kube tyaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ukukhethwa kwendawo ye-greenhouse kubaluleke kakhulu.Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba akufunekanga abe phezulu kakhulu, kuphephe iintaba eziphakamileyo kunye nezakhiwo ezivala ukukhanya, kwaye kubasebenzisi bezityalo kunye nokuzala, iishedi azinakwakhiwa kwiindawo ezingcolileyo.Ukongezelela, iindawo ezineemvula ezinamandla kufuneka ziqwalasele ukuxhathisa umoya we-greenhouse ekhethiweyo.Ukumelana komoya kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo ngokubanzi kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lesi-8.
I-orientation ye-greenhouse inefuthe elikhulu kumandla okugcina ukushisa kwi-greenhouse, ngokubhekiselele kwi-greenhouse yelanga.Ngokwamava, kungcono ukuba iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezisemazantsi zijonge ngasentshona.Oku kunceda i-greenhouse ukuba iqokelele ubushushu obuninzi.Ukuba izindlu zokugcina izityalo zakhiwe, isithuba phakathi kwezindlu zokugcina izityalo akufanele sibe ngaphantsi kobubanzi bendlu enye.
I-orientation ye-greenhouse ithetha ukuba iintloko ze-greenhouse zisemantla nasemacaleni asezantsi ngokulandelanayo.Oku kuziqhelanisa kwenza ukuba izityalo ezikwindlu yokukhulisela izityalo zisasazwe ngokulinganayo.
Izinto eziludongeni ze-greenhouse zingasetyenziswa ngokude nje zinokugcinwa kakuhle kobushushu kunye nomthamo wokugcina ubushushu.Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-greenhouse lugxininiswe apha kufuneka lube nomsebenzi wokugcina ukushisa, kwaye i-masonry ye-solar greenhouse kufuneka iguqulelwe kwiimeko zendawo.Ukuze ugcine ubushushu.Ebusuku, obu bushushu buya kukhutshwa ukugcina ibhalansi yeqondo lokushisa kwi-shed.Iindonga zezitena, iindonga zodaka lwesamente, neendonga zomhlaba zonke zinomthamo wokugcina ubushushu.Ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukwamkela isakhiwo sesitena-concrete kwiindonga ze-greenhouses.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-07-2021